A facile synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted idanes was achieved by the reductive cyclization of 1-(o-bromomethylphenyl)-2,2-disubstituted-ethylenes(electron-withdrawing substituents) with an NAD(P)H model, 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide, in yields from moderate to good. The study revealed that \{1-benzyl\}-1,4-dihydronicotinamide can be used in synthetic organic chemistry as an effective reductant.
Fluidized bed biomass gasifiers can be employed to produce hydrogen-rich gas. A non-premixed combustion model is used for biomass air-steam gasification in the gasifier, and the simulations were carried out by using the FLUENT 6.0 software. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data. The effects of the steam to biomass ratio （S/B）, the equivalence ratio （ER）, and the size of biomass particles on the hydrogen yield were studied. Meanwhile, the distributions of hydrogen inside the gasifier at different conditions are also described.
