Hunhe, Taizihe rivers originating from the east mountain areas of Liaoning Province are the biggest tributaries of the left bank of Liaohe River. From the initial stage of New China to the early 1990s, the frequency of flood damage had decreased, but recently the disasters have upgraded and changed from trunk stream to tributary basins. In July 1995, Dongzhouhe, a tributary of Hunhe River, suffered from a heaviest flood since establishing the document of floods in Hunhe basin. Meanwhile, a peak discharge, almost beyond double defending ability, occurred at Dadongshanpu Station of Beishahe River, a tributary of Taizihe River. Besides the continued heavy rainstorm, no controllable water conservancy projects and ecological damages caused by quickly decreasing forest cover and water and soil loss are the two main causes of flood damage. In addition, the low flood protection standard is also one of causes. According to the above analyses, some strategies of synthetic controlling for flood damages were put forward: 1) Establishing the system of ecological engineering to defend floods and reduce disasters; 2)Setting up storage and detention areas; 3) Establishing flood controlling information system; 4) Improving the accuracy of media short period and short period rainstorm forecast and flood forecast; 5) Insurance of flood protection.
该文以长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象,以Raupach提出的Localized Near Field(LNF)理论为依据,耦合垂直速度标准差σw(z)和拉格朗日时间尺度TL(z),建立林冠内水汽源/汇强度和平均浓度廓线之间的关系;利用拉格朗日反演模型提出了通过林冠水汽浓度梯度计算林冠内的水汽源/汇强度进而推算森林蒸散的方法.模拟结果与开路涡动相关系统的观测数据比较显示:白天水汽累积通量的模拟精度达到81%,模拟值高出实测值约15%～25%;夜间模拟值比实测值高出2～4倍,其原因尚不清楚.观测期内全天水汽总量模拟值298.91 mm,观测值为240.33 mm.最后,讨论了水汽源/汇强度及其通量随时间和高度的演变过程.
